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<h1 class="menu-title">Guia do Usuário Tesseras</h1>
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<h1 id="conceitos-de-rede"><a class="header" href="#conceitos-de-rede">Conceitos de Rede</a></h1>
<p>Este capitulo explica como os nos do Tesseras se encontram e localizam ponteiros de tesseras na rede. Voce nao precisa entender esses detalhes para usar o Tesseras, mas eles ajudam a explicar o que o daemon esta fazendo em segundo plano.</p>
<h2 id="como-os-nos-se-encontram"><a class="header" href="#como-os-nos-se-encontram">Como os nos se encontram</a></h2>
<p>Tesseras usa uma <strong>tabela hash distribuida (DHT) Kademlia</strong> — um algoritmo comprovado usado pelo BitTorrent e outros sistemas P2P por mais de 20 anos. Nao ha servidor central. Cada no mantem uma tabela de roteamento dos pares que conhece, e os nos cooperam para direcionar consultas ao lugar certo.</p>
<p>Quando seu no inicia, ele contacta um ou mais <strong>nos de bootstrap</strong> (nos semente com enderecos conhecidos). Atraves dessas conexoes iniciais, seu no descobre outros pares e constroi sua tabela de roteamento. Com o tempo, seu no naturalmente aprende sobre mais pares conforme participa da rede.</p>
<h2 id="o-que-a-dht-armazena"><a class="header" href="#o-que-a-dht-armazena">O que a DHT armazena</a></h2>
<p>A DHT armazena <strong>ponteiros</strong>, nao dados. Um ponteiro e um registro leve que diz “a tessera X esta com os nos Y e Z.” Quando alguem quer recuperar uma tessera, primeiro busca seu ponteiro na DHT para descobrir quais nos a possuem, depois conecta diretamente a esses nos para baixar os dados reais.</p>
<p>Isso significa que a DHT permanece pequena e rapida — ela rastreia apenas quem tem o que, nao o conteudo em si.</p>
<h2 id="identidade-do-no-e-prova-de-trabalho"><a class="header" href="#identidade-do-no-e-prova-de-trabalho">Identidade do no e prova de trabalho</a></h2>
<p>Cada no tem um <strong>ID de no</strong> de 160 bits derivado de sua chave publica. Para evitar que um atacante crie milhares de nos falsos de forma barata (um <strong>ataque Sybil</strong>), gerar um ID de no requer uma pequena prova de trabalho: o no deve encontrar um nonce tal que <code>BLAKE3(chave_publica || nonce)</code> comece com 8 bits zero.</p>
<p>Isso leva cerca de 256 tentativas de hash — menos de um segundo em qualquer dispositivo, incluindo um Raspberry Pi. Mas um atacante tentando criar 10.000 identidades falsas precisaria de milhoes de tentativas, tornando o ataque impraticavel.</p>
<h2 id="distancia-xor"><a class="header" href="#distancia-xor">Distancia XOR</a></h2>
<p>Kademlia define “proximidade” entre nos usando a <strong>metrica XOR</strong>: a distancia entre dois IDs de no e seu XOR bit a bit. Os nos sao responsaveis por armazenar ponteiros cujas chaves estao proximas de seu proprio ID (em distancia XOR). Isso distribui dados uniformemente pela rede sem nenhuma coordenacao.</p>
<p>Ao buscar um ponteiro de tessera, seu no pergunta aos pares que conhece que estao mais proximos da chave alvo. Esses pares apontam para outros ainda mais proximos, e assim por diante, ate que o ponteiro seja encontrado. Essa <strong>busca iterativa</strong> tipicamente alcanca qualquer no na rede em poucos saltos.</p>
<h2 id="transporte-quic"><a class="header" href="#transporte-quic">Transporte: QUIC</a></h2>
<p>Toda comunicacao entre nos usa <strong>QUIC</strong>, um protocolo de transporte moderno construido sobre UDP. O QUIC oferece:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Criptografia integrada</strong> — cada conexao usa TLS 1.3</li>
<li><strong>Amigavel a NAT</strong> — funciona atraves da maioria dos tradutores de endereco de rede por ser baseado em UDP</li>
<li><strong>Multiplexacao</strong> — multiplas operacoes independentes sobre uma conexao sem bloqueio head-of-line</li>
<li><strong>Migracao de conexao</strong> — sobrevive a mudancas de rede (ex: trocar de Wi-Fi para dados moveis)</li>
</ul>
<p>O daemon escuta na porta UDP <strong>4433</strong> por padrao.</p>
<h2 id="processo-de-bootstrap"><a class="header" href="#processo-de-bootstrap">Processo de bootstrap</a></h2>
<p>Quando um no inicia, ele segue esta sequencia:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Contactar nos semente</strong> — conectar a um ou mais enderecos de bootstrap conhecidos</li>
<li><strong>Trocar pings</strong> — verificar que o semente esta vivo e trocar identidades de no</li>
<li><strong>Auto-busca</strong> — perguntar ao semente por nos proximos ao seu proprio ID, para popular sua tabela de roteamento</li>
<li><strong>Descoberta iterativa</strong> — contactar os nos recem-descobertos, que apontam para ainda mais pares</li>
</ol>
<p>Apos o bootstrap, o no mantem sua tabela de roteamento automaticamente: ele atualiza buckets periodicamente e substitui pares nao responsivos por novos.</p>
<h2 id="tipos-de-no"><a class="header" href="#tipos-de-no">Tipos de no</a></h2>
<p>Nem todo dispositivo participa da rede da mesma forma:</p>
<div class="table-wrapper">
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>Tipo</th><th>Descricao</th><th>Sempre ligado?</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td><strong>No completo</strong></td><td>Desktop, servidor ou Raspberry Pi executando <code>tesseras-daemon</code>. Participa plenamente da DHT e armazena dados de outros nos.</td><td>Sim</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>No movel</strong></td><td>Celular ou tablet executando o app Tesseras. Participa da DHT quando o app esta ativo.</td><td>Nao</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>No navegador</strong></td><td>Navegador web executando o cliente WASM. Conecta via um no relay. Somente leitura.</td><td>Nao</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>No IoT</strong></td><td>ESP32 ou dispositivo similar na rede local. Armazena fragmentos passivamente, nao participa da DHT.</td><td>Sim</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>O daemon de no completo e a espinha dorsal da rede. Quanto mais nos completos em execucao, mais resiliente a rede se torna.</p>
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