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<h1 id="recuperação-de-chaves-por-herdeiros"><a class="header" href="#recuperação-de-chaves-por-herdeiros">Recuperação de Chaves por Herdeiros</a></h1>
<p>Suas tesseras podem sobreviver a falhas de infraestrutura, computadores quânticos e séculos de tempo. Mas o que acontece quando você não consegue mais acessar suas próprias chaves? Tesseras usa <strong>Shamir’s Secret Sharing</strong> para permitir que você distribua sua identidade criptográfica para herdeiros de confiança.</p>
<h2 id="como-funciona"><a class="header" href="#como-funciona">Como funciona</a></h2>
<p>Shamir’s Secret Sharing divide um segredo em N fragmentos com um limiar T. Qualquer T fragmentos podem reconstruir o segredo original. Menos que T fragmentos não revelam <strong>nada</strong> — isso é informação-teoricamente seguro, não apenas computacionalmente difícil de quebrar.</p>
<p>Por exemplo, com limiar 2 e 3 fragmentos totais:</p>
<ul>
<li>Dê o fragmento 1 ao seu cônjuge</li>
<li>Dê o fragmento 2 ao seu irmão</li>
<li>Dê o fragmento 3 ao seu advogado</li>
</ul>
<p>Quaisquer dois deles podem recuperar sua identidade. Um único fragmento sozinho é inútil.</p>
<h2 id="criando-fragmentos-de-herdeiros"><a class="header" href="#criando-fragmentos-de-herdeiros">Criando fragmentos de herdeiros</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-bash">tes heir create --threshold 2 --shares 3
</code></pre>
<p>Isso divide sua chave de identidade Ed25519 em 3 fragmentos (necessitando 2 para reconstruir) e os salva em <code>./heir-shares/</code>:</p>
<pre><code>heir-shares/
├── heir_share_1.bin # Binário MessagePack
├── heir_share_1.txt # Texto base64 legível por humanos
├── heir_share_2.bin
├── heir_share_2.txt
├── heir_share_3.bin
└── heir_share_3.txt
</code></pre>
<p>Cada fragmento é gerado em dois formatos:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Binário</strong> (<code>.bin</code>) — MessagePack compacto, adequado para pendrives ou armazenamento digital</li>
<li><strong>Texto</strong> (<code>.txt</code>) — base64 com cabeçalho legível, adequado para impressão em papel</li>
</ul>
<p>O formato texto se parece com isso:</p>
<pre><code>--- TESSERAS HEIR SHARE ---
Format: v1
Owner: a1b2c3d4e5f6a7b8 (fingerprint)
Share: 1 of 3 (threshold: 2)
Session: 9f8e7d6c5b4a3210
Created: 2026-02-15
<dados codificados em base64>
--- END HEIR SHARE ---
</code></pre>
<h2 id="reconstruindo-a-partir-de-fragmentos"><a class="header" href="#reconstruindo-a-partir-de-fragmentos">Reconstruindo a partir de fragmentos</a></h2>
<p>Quando os herdeiros precisam recuperar a identidade:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">tes heir reconstruct heir_share_1.txt heir_share_2.bin --output-dir ./recovered-keys
</code></pre>
<p>O comando detecta automaticamente se cada arquivo é formato binário ou texto. Ele valida que todos os fragmentos pertencem à mesma sessão e dono, verifica checksums e reconstrói o par de chaves Ed25519.</p>
<p>Para instalar as chaves recuperadas como identidade ativa:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">tes heir reconstruct share1.txt share2.txt --output-dir ./recovered --install
</code></pre>
<p>Isso faz backup da identidade atual antes de substituí-la.</p>
<h2 id="inspecionando-um-fragmento"><a class="header" href="#inspecionando-um-fragmento">Inspecionando um fragmento</a></h2>
<p>Para ver metadados sobre um fragmento sem expor dados secretos:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">tes heir info heir_share_1.txt
</code></pre>
<p>Saída:</p>
<pre><code>Heir Share Information:
Format version: 1
Share: 1 of 3 (threshold: 2)
Session: 9f8e7d6c5b4a3210
Owner fingerprint: a1b2c3d4e5f6a7b8
Share data size: 34 bytes
Checksum: valid
</code></pre>
<h2 id="considerações-de-segurança"><a class="header" href="#considerações-de-segurança">Considerações de segurança</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Escolha do limiar</strong>: um limiar de 2-de-3 ou 3-de-5 é recomendado para a maioria das pessoas. Limiares mais altos são mais seguros mas requerem mais herdeiros para cooperar.</li>
<li><strong>Armazenamento físico</strong>: imprima os arquivos <code>.txt</code> em papel livre de ácido e armazene em locais físicos separados (cofres bancários, casas diferentes). Papel sobrevive décadas sem degradação.</li>
<li><strong>Nunca armazene fragmentos juntos</strong>: todo o propósito da divisão é a distribuição. Manter todos os fragmentos em um lugar anula o objetivo.</li>
<li><strong>Isolamento de sessão</strong>: cada chamada <code>heir create</code> gera um novo ID de sessão. Fragmentos de sessões diferentes não podem ser misturados — isso previne confusão após rotações de chave.</li>
<li><strong>Verificação de checksum</strong>: cada fragmento inclui um checksum BLAKE3. Fragmentos corrompidos (erros de OCR, degradação de bits) são detectados antes de qualquer tentativa de reconstrução.</li>
<li><strong>Re-dividir após mudanças de chave</strong>: se você regenerar sua identidade, crie novos fragmentos de herdeiros e destrua com segurança os antigos.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="princípios-de-design"><a class="header" href="#princípios-de-design">Princípios de design</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Segurança informação-teórica</strong> — T-1 fragmentos revelam exatamente zero informação sobre o segredo. Isso não é uma suposição computacional; é matematicamente provado.</li>
<li><strong>Detecção de corrupção</strong> — checksums BLAKE3 detectam degradação de bits, erros de OCR e truncamento antes de qualquer tentativa de reconstrução.</li>
<li><strong>Resiliência de formato</strong> — saída dupla (binário + texto) garante que fragmentos sobrevivam a diferentes modos de falha de mídia de armazenamento.</li>
<li><strong>Compatibilidade retroativa</strong> — o blob do segredo é versionado, para que versões futuras possam incluir material de chave adicional sem quebrar fragmentos existentes.</li>
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