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<h1 id="heir-key-recovery"><a class="header" href="#heir-key-recovery">Heir Key Recovery</a></h1>
<p>Your tesseras can survive infrastructure failures, quantum computers, and centuries of time. But what happens when you can no longer access your own keys? Tesseras uses <strong>Shamir’s Secret Sharing</strong> to let you distribute your cryptographic identity to trusted heirs.</p>
<h2 id="how-it-works"><a class="header" href="#how-it-works">How it works</a></h2>
<p>Shamir’s Secret Sharing splits a secret into N shares with a threshold T. Any T shares can reconstruct the original secret. Fewer than T shares reveal <strong>nothing</strong> — this is information-theoretically secure, not just computationally hard to break.</p>
<p>For example, with threshold 2 and 3 total shares:</p>
<ul>
<li>Give share 1 to your spouse</li>
<li>Give share 2 to your sibling</li>
<li>Give share 3 to your lawyer</li>
</ul>
<p>Any two of them can recover your identity. A single share alone is useless.</p>
<h2 id="creating-heir-shares"><a class="header" href="#creating-heir-shares">Creating heir shares</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-bash">tes heir create --threshold 2 --shares 3
</code></pre>
<p>This splits your Ed25519 identity key into 3 shares (requiring 2 to reconstruct) and saves them to <code>./heir-shares/</code>:</p>
<pre><code>heir-shares/
├── heir_share_1.bin # MessagePack binary
├── heir_share_1.txt # Human-readable base64 text
├── heir_share_2.bin
├── heir_share_2.txt
├── heir_share_3.bin
└── heir_share_3.txt
</code></pre>
<p>Each share is generated in two formats:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Binary</strong> (<code>.bin</code>) — compact MessagePack, suitable for USB drives or digital storage</li>
<li><strong>Text</strong> (<code>.txt</code>) — base64 with human-readable header, suitable for printing on paper</li>
</ul>
<p>The text format looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>--- TESSERAS HEIR SHARE ---
Format: v1
Owner: a1b2c3d4e5f6a7b8 (fingerprint)
Share: 1 of 3 (threshold: 2)
Session: 9f8e7d6c5b4a3210
Created: 2026-02-15
<base64-encoded data>
--- END HEIR SHARE ---
</code></pre>
<h2 id="reconstructing-from-shares"><a class="header" href="#reconstructing-from-shares">Reconstructing from shares</a></h2>
<p>When heirs need to recover the identity:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">tes heir reconstruct heir_share_1.txt heir_share_2.bin --output-dir ./recovered-keys
</code></pre>
<p>The command auto-detects whether each file is binary or text format. It validates that all shares belong to the same session and owner, verifies checksums, and reconstructs the Ed25519 keypair.</p>
<p>To install the recovered keys as the active identity:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">tes heir reconstruct share1.txt share2.txt --output-dir ./recovered --install
</code></pre>
<p>This backs up the current identity before replacing it.</p>
<h2 id="inspecting-a-share"><a class="header" href="#inspecting-a-share">Inspecting a share</a></h2>
<p>To view metadata about a share without exposing secret data:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">tes heir info heir_share_1.txt
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>Heir Share Information:
Format version: 1
Share: 1 of 3 (threshold: 2)
Session: 9f8e7d6c5b4a3210
Owner fingerprint: a1b2c3d4e5f6a7b8
Share data size: 34 bytes
Checksum: valid
</code></pre>
<h2 id="security-considerations"><a class="header" href="#security-considerations">Security considerations</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Threshold choice</strong>: a threshold of 2-of-3 or 3-of-5 is recommended for most people. Higher thresholds are more secure but require more heirs to cooperate.</li>
<li><strong>Physical storage</strong>: print the <code>.txt</code> files on acid-free paper and store in separate physical locations (safe deposit boxes, different homes). Paper survives decades without degradation.</li>
<li><strong>Never store shares together</strong>: the entire point of splitting is distribution. Keeping all shares in one place defeats the purpose.</li>
<li><strong>Session isolation</strong>: each <code>heir create</code> call generates a fresh session ID. Shares from different sessions cannot be mixed — this prevents confusion after key rotations.</li>
<li><strong>Checksum verification</strong>: each share includes a BLAKE3 checksum. Corrupted shares (OCR errors, bit rot) are detected before reconstruction is attempted.</li>
<li><strong>Re-split after key changes</strong>: if you regenerate your identity, create new heir shares and securely destroy the old ones.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="design-principles"><a class="header" href="#design-principles">Design principles</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Information-theoretic security</strong> — T-1 shares reveal exactly zero information about the secret. This is not a computational assumption; it is mathematically proven.</li>
<li><strong>Corruption detection</strong> — BLAKE3 checksums catch bit rot, OCR errors, and truncation before any reconstruction attempt.</li>
<li><strong>Format resilience</strong> — dual output (binary + text) ensures shares survive different storage media failure modes.</li>
<li><strong>Backward compatibility</strong> — the secret blob is versioned, so future versions can include additional key material without breaking existing shares.</li>
</ul>
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